Archive for May 2014
Hyderabad Metro may commence trial run in 6 months
Hyderabad Metro may commence trial run in 6 months
The rail coaches from the Hyundai Rotem consortium are expected to arrive in April or May, said V B Gadgil, Chief Executive and Managing Director, L&T Metro Rail (Hyderabad) Limited.
The trial-run will commence on the 8-km stretch between Nagole and Mettuguda section of the 72-km metro project and phase-I will be ready for commercial operations by March 2015.
"All efforts at the moment are going on to commission the first stage, that is between Nagole and Mettuguda, by March 21, 2015.
"The first train (full train) with three coaches will arrive sometime by April-end or May and that will go for full trials. First it will be tried on the depot. Then we will take it to the main line," Gadgil said.
On the impact of the proposed bifurcation of the state, he said the passenger traffic may not have much impact as the city will be intact.
Replying to a query, Gadgil said the income from real estate would be approximately 50 to 55 per cent in the initial stages and may change according to the ridership.
"It changes. It is not static. In initial years almost 50-55 per cent is expected to come from real estate and the rest from ridership. When the ridership picks up then the ratio will change over a period of time," he said.
The company has spent Rs 3,000 crore on the project so far including both debt and equity, he said.
The largest Public Private Partnership (PPP) project ever taken up will entail building the elevated rail system across three dense traffic corridors - Line 1 (L B Nagar to Miyapur), Line 2 (Jubilee Bus Station to Falaknuma) and Line 3 (Nagole to Shilparamam).
L&T tied up for Rs 11,478 crore from a consortium of banks led by the State Bank of India (SBI) as debt component for the project.
The infra major, on its part, is expected to infuse nearly Rs 3,500 crore as equity, besides getting Rs 1,458 crore as viability gap funding.
Tag :
metro
DUCTILITY TEST OF BITUMEN
DUCTILITY OF BITUMEN
To determine the suitability of bitumen for its use in road construction.
APPARATUS:
The apparatus as per IS: 1208-1978 consists of
(i) Briquette
mould: It is made of brass. Circular holes are provided at ends called clips to
grip the fixed and movable ends of the testing machine. The mould when properly
assembled form a briquette specimen of following dimensions.
Total length
75.0 ± 0.5 mm
Distance between
clips 30.0 ± 0.3mm
Width at mount
of slip 20.0 ± 0.2mm
Width at minimum
cross-section
(half way
between clips) 10.0 ± 0.1mm
Thickness
throughout 10.0 ± 0.1mm
(ii) Water bath:
A bath maintained within 27.0° ±0.1 °C of the specified test temperature
containing not less than 10 litres of water, the specimen being submerged to a
depth of not less than 10 cms and supported on a perforated shell and less than
5 cms from the bottom of the bath.
(iii) Testing
machine : For pulling the briquette of bituminous material apart, any apparatus
may be used which is so constructed that the specimen will be continuously
submerged in water while the two clips are being pulled apart horizontally at a
uniform speed of 50 ± 2.5 mm per minute.
(iv)
Thermometer. Range 0-44°C and readable up to 0.2°C
THEORY:
The ductility test gives a measure of adhesive property of
bitumen and its ability to stretch. In flexible pavement design, it is necessary that
binder should form a thin ductile film around aggregates so that physical interlocking of the aggregates is improved. Binder
material having insufficient ductility gets cracked when subjected to repeated
traffic loads and it provides pervious pavement surface. Ductility of a bituminous material is
measured by the distance in centimeters to which it will elongate before breaking
when two ends of standard briquette specimen of material are pulled apart at a
specified speed and specified temperature.
PROCEDURE:
(i) Melt
the bituminous test material completely at a temperature of 75°C to 100° C
above the approximate softening point until it becomes thoroughly fluid.
(ii) Strain the
fluid through IS sieve 30.
(iii) After
stirring the fluid, pour it in the mould assembly and place it on a brass
plate. In order to prevent the material under test from sticking, coat the
surface of the plate and interior surfaces of the sides of the mould with
mercury or by a mixture of equal parts of glycerine and dextrine.
(iv) After about
30-40 minutes, keep the plate assembly along with the sample in a
water bath.
Maintain the temperature of the water bath at 27° C for half an hour.
(v) Remove the
sample and mould assembly from the water bath and trim the specimen by
levelling the surface using a hot knife.
(vi) Replace the
mould assembly in water bath for 80 to 90 minutes.
(vii) Remove the
sides of the mould.
(viii)Hook the
clips carefully on the machine without causing any initial strain.
(ix) Adjust the
pointer to read zero.
(x) Start the
machine and pull clips horizontally at a speed of 50 mm per minute.
(xi) Note the
distance at which the bitumen thread of specimen breaks.
Mean of two observations rounded to nearest whole number is
ductility value.
Note: Machine may have a provision to fix two or more moulds so
as to test three specimens simultaneously.
PRECAUTIONS:
(i) The plate
assembly upon which the mould is placed shall be perfectly flat and level so
that the bottom surface of the mould touches it throughout.
(ii) In filling
the mould, care should be taken not to distort the briquette and to see that no
air pocket is within the moulded sample.
OBSERVATIONS:
SPECIMEN
|
BREAKDOWN
POINT (Cm)
|
1
|
50.6
|
2
|
51.2
|
3
|
53.4
|
MEAN
|
51.73
|
RESULT:
Ductility value
= 53.4 Cm
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Tag :
Lab test,
pavement material
