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Archive for March 2016

Finite Element Method (FEM) vs Classical Methods

FEM (Finite Element Method)  is the most flexible one in terms of dealing with complex geometry and complicated boundary conditions. FEM also allows the adaptive/local procedure to get higher order local approximation or battling singularities. FEM is the way to incorporate the intrinsic geometrical properties of the solutions.
Following are the differences in classical methods and FEM-
  1. In classical methods exact equations are formed and exact solutions are obtained where as in finite element analysis exact equations are formed but approximate solutions are obtained.
  2. Solutions have been obtained for few standard cases by classical methods, where as solutions can be obtained for all problems by finite element analysis.
  3. Whenever the following complexities are faced, classical method makes the drastic assumptions’ and looks for the solutions:
    (a) Shape
    (b) Boundary conditions
    (c) Loading
  4. When material property is not isotropic, solutions for the problems become very difficult in classical method. Only few simple cases have been tried successfully by researchers. FEM can handle structures with an-isotropic properties also without any difficulty.
  5. If structure consists of more than one material, it is difficult to use classical method, but finite element can be used without any difficulty.
  6. Problems with material and geometric non-linearity  cannot be handled by classical methods. There is no difficulty in FEM.
Wednesday, March 16, 2016
Posted by Unknown

[PDF] CONTRACT MANAGEMENT Overview (NOTES)

To download complete CTM Notes please join this telegram group https://t.me/+cj3WhHbC86syMTdl

CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

This article must be useful for civil engineering students , and law students for understanding Contract and factors associated with that , any suggestion and correction is appreciated. Notes of contract management in PDF format is available after this post.

First introduced in 1992  
definition of contract management
“A contract is a promise or set of promise for the breach of which the law gives a remedy  or performance of which the law in some way recognize as duty.”
  • ·         Legally enforceable promise.
  • ·         Binding

                                I.            If the promisors fails has full capacity
                              II.            If there is no illegality or fraud.
                            III.            If the duty has not been discouraged.
                            IV.            If no similar facts which defect prime facial duty.

A promise is a manifestation of intention to act or refrain from acting in a specified way, so made as to justify  a promise in understanding that commitment has been made.
  •         I.            The person manifestation the intention is the promisor
  •       II.            The person to whom manifestation is addressed in the promises.
INDIAN CONTRACT ACT - 1 SEPT 1872
Applicable on Whole India except J&K

Flow chart of contract
How an offer become contract ?

Mainly deals with 3 things below
  •         I.            Contract Formation / creation
  •       II.            Performance of a contract
  •     III.            Remedies in case of breach


Three special kind of contract
  •         I.            Contract of bailment  & pledge
  •       II.            Contract of indemnity and guaranty
  •     III.            Contract of agency

Definition act ICA Section (2) (H)

“An Agreement enforceable by law is a contract”.
“An offer when accepted is an agreement /promise.”

1.1  Agreement 

All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contract”

Ex
1.       Agreements with minors
2.       Agreement with illegal objects
3.       Agreements to impossible Act

1.1  ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AN VALID CONTRACT SECTION 10

                      I  Offer and Acceptance – definite and clear Acceptance à Absolute and Unconditional à No Variation
                    II.Consensus and Idem meeting of mind, both the parties taking the same thing at the same time.
                  III.  Parties have an intention to create legal obligation à enforceable by law , in a personal agreement there is a presumption  that parties don’t intend to create legal obligations In case of commercial agreement it is presumed that parties intend to create legal obligation.
                  IV. Lawful Consideration  -  No Consideration àNo contract
                    V.Competency of the parties à Major, person of sound mind , person not disqualified to enter in a contract.
                  VI  Free Consent à Parties enters a contract with free will Ex àWhen free consent is missing the contract voidable
1 Coercion- when one party is committing a crime or threating to committing in order to force party to enter into contract.
2Under Influence – when one party  in position dominates to misuse of others.
3Fraud- Giving false statement knowing them to be false,
4Misrepresentation- Innocent false statements,
                VII.Lawful Object à not immoral, oppose to public policy.
              VIII.  Registration & Writing à  must be written
                  IX.   Certainty à  clear , not confusing
                    X.  Possibility of performance.

1.2  Kind of Contract

Form the point of view of enforceability
             I Valid Contract
           II. Voidable Contract (it is valid till it is rejected)
1.Missing free consent
2. Delay

Consequences if voidable contract is Rejected
  • 1. No need to perform obligations
  • 2. Refund the advances benefits
  • 3. Compensations to suffering parties s

VOID CONTRACT
  •         I. Subsequent Impossibilities. 
  •       II.  Legal impossibilities
  •     III.   Contingent Contract




To download complete CTM Notes please join this telegram group https://t.me/+cj3WhHbC86syMTdl



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Sunday, March 13, 2016
Posted by Saurabh Gupta

MVCT 105 - Low Cost Building Materials and Construction Techniques NOTES PDF

MVCT 105 - Low Cost Building Materials and Construction Techniques
As per RGPV Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal(M.P.)




Here is the syllabus and all the notes for MTech CTM (Construction Technology Management) student , i got many request regarding notes , so i tried my best to compile all notes at a place

1. Concepts of low cost materials
Soil, Fly ash, ferrocement, Lime, Fibers, Stone Dust, Boulders and oversize metal, Bitumen etc.
2. Low cost building material products:-
(a) Walls - Stabilized and sun dried, soil blocks & bricks, Hollow concrete blocks, stone masonry blocks, Ferro-cement partitions.
(b) Roofs - Precast R.C. Plank & Joists roof, Precast channel roof, Precast L-panel roof, Precast Funicular shells, Ferrocement shells, Filler Slab, Seasal Fibre roof, Improved country tiles, Thatch roof.
3. Low cost construction Techniques and Equipment :-
(a) Techniques :- Rat trap bond construction, Precast R.C. and Ferrocement technique, Mud Technology.
(b) Equipments :- Brick moulding machine, Stablilised soil block making machine and plants for the manufacturing of concrete blocks.
(c) Low Cost Roads :-
4. Low cost sanitation :-
(a) Waste water disposal system
(b) Low cost sanitation for rural and urban areas
(c) Ferrocement Drains
5. Cost analysis and comparison :-
(a) Low cost materials
(b) Low cost techniques


CLICK ON EACH NOTES TO DOWNLOAD 
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Monday, March 7, 2016
Posted by Saurabh Gupta

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Notes for M.Tech. CTM (Construction Technology Management) available strictly as per syllabus for all three-semester available. Features: • Notes from Gold Medalist student • Handwritten crisp to the point notes • Printed notes • Video notes of some subjects • Previous year question paper • Solved question paper • Subject/Unit wise arranged • Objective question paper for online exam M.Tech. complete thesis support also available. Join telegram group https://t.me/+cj3WhHbC86syMTdl Complete Mtech Thesis support available: 1) Synopsis 2) Synopsis PPT 3) Thesis 4) Thesis PPT 5) Conference paper These are included in the package Those who only want guidance, msg me for more information https://t.me/+cj3WhHbC86syMTdl
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