Saturday, January 9, 2016
MVCT 105 - Low Cost Building Materials and Construction Techniques
As per RGPV Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal(M.P.)
Technical Specifications for Low Cost Rural Roads
Low Cost Design Standards for Rural Roads Projects
LIST OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................3
1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 3
1.2 PURPOSE............................................................................................................ 3
1.3 SCOPE................................................................................................................ 3
2. DRAINAGE...................................................................................................................4
2.1 LONGITUDINAL DRAINAGE STABILIZATION............................................................... 4
2.1.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................... 4
2.1.3 TESTING ...................................................................................................... 5
2.2 CROSS DRAINAGE – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................... 5
2.2.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 5
2.3 CULVERTS .......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................... 7
2.3.3 TESTING ...................................................................................................... 8
2.4 CONCRETE DROP INLETS AND HEADWALLS................................................................9
2.4.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................... 9
2.4.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 11
2.5 RIPRAP OR STONE PITCHING .............................................................................. 11
2.5.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 11
2.5.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 11
2.5.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 13
3. EARTHWORKS ...........................................................................................................14
3.1 CLEARING AND GRUBBING.................................................................................. 14
3.1.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 14
3.1.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 14
3.1.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 15
3.2 EXCAVATIONS AND EMBANKMENTS...................................................................... 15
3.2.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 15
3.2.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 16
3.2.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 19
3.3 SUBGRADE SCARIFYING...................................................................................... 21
3.3.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 21
3.3.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 22
3.3.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 22
3.4 LINEAR GRADING................................................................................................ 22
3.4.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 22
3.4.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 22
3.4.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 23
3.5 SUBGRADE COMPACTION.................................................................................... 23
3.5.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 23
3.5.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 23
3.6 SUBGRADE PREPARATION................................................................................... 23
3.6.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 23
3.6.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 23
3.7 SUBGRADING AND SHOULDERING ........................................................................ 24
3.7.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 24
3.7.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 24
3.7.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 24
3.8 SHAPING SLOPES .............................................................................................. 24
3.8.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 24
3.8.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 25
3.8.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 25
3.9 VEGETATION ..................................................................................................... 26
3.9.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 26
3.9.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 26
3.9.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 29
4. UNBOUND MATERIALS ...............................................................................................30
4.1 GRAVEL SUBBASE ............................................................................................. 30
4.1.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 30
4.1.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 31
4.1.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 32
4.2 AGGREGATE SURFACE....................................................................................... 33
4.2.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 33
4.2.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 34
4.2.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 35
4.3 DUST CONTROL................................................................................................. 36
4.3.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 36
4.3.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 36
4.3.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 37
4.4 GEOTEXTILE...................................................................................................... 37
4.4.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 37
4.4.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 37
4.4.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 39
5. BITUMINOUS SURFACING............................................................................................40
5.1 SEAL COAT ....................................................................................................... 40
5.1.1 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 40
5.1.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 43
5.1.3 TESTING .................................................................................................... 46
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................47
This Specification for the construction and maintenance of Low Cost Rural Roads in Romania is one in the series of manuals and standards commissioned by the Romanian Government as part of a wider rural development project funded trough the World Bank. The complete series includes:
o Design Manual for Low Cost Rural Roads
o Technical Specifications for Low Cost Rural Roads (this volume)
o Standard Details for Low Cost Rural Roads
o Maintenance Manual for Low Cost Rural Roads
1.2 PURPOSE
The aim of these Specifications is to provide a basic set of quality requirements for the use of both local technical staff and contractors, to carry out and supervise construction and maintenance works on low cost rural roads projects. The requirements included here are based on similar documents prepared for national roads and take into account international practice for similar roads.
For more complex situations requiring higher levels of investment, including the construction of bituminous surfaced roads, the existing Romanian standards for roads will be applicable. County level engineers should be consulted on their use.
1.3 SCOPE
The focus of the manuals is low cost solutions for rural road design, construction and
maintenance. Such roads typically have traffic levels below 200 vehicles per day, although the solutions proposed may be applicable to roads carrying up to 500 vehicles per day.
The aim is to recommend solutions that can realistically be implemented for rural roads projects in Romania. Issues related to the engineering of lightly trafficked earth and gravel surfaced roads are given more prominence than bituminous surfaced roads.
