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M.Tech Projects | M.tech Thesis For Different Streams in Civil Engineering
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Constain's V Plate System of Prefabrication Construction
Constain's V Plate System of Prefabrication Construction
OUTLINE
OUTLINE
- Definition
- V Plate Systems in Nature
- The Principle of Folding
- The Basic concept of Folding
- Structural Behavior of constain's V Plate
- Types of V PlateStructure
- The Application of V Plate Structures
- Advantages and Disadvantages of V-Plate Structure
- Some Real Life Examples of V Plate Structure
Constain's V Plate/Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected together along their edges in such a way that the structural system capable of carrying loads without the need for additional supporting beams along mutual edges.
Engineer Eudene Freyssinet performed the first roof with the folded structure in 1923 as an aircraft hangar at Orly Airport in Paris.
Folding Systems in Nature
The principle of folding as a tool to develop a general structural shape has been known for a long time. Folded structure systems which are analogous to several biological systems such as found at broad leaf-tree leaves, petals and foldable insect wings, are adopted to be employed in a new, technical way.
The Principle of V-Plate Construction
The structural characteristics of folding structures depend on-
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Prefabrication
Component Sizes and Tolerances : MVCT202 Prefabrication Construction
Prefabricated Component Sizes and its Tolerances used in Prefabrication Construction and design techniques as per National Building Code
The following tolerances are in the form of modular coordination, where tolerances are given as M, 0.1M , 0.5M etc as per NBC
Question asked in universities are:-
The following tolerances are in the form of modular coordination, where tolerances are given as M, 0.1M , 0.5M etc as per NBC
Question asked in universities are:-
- Describe tolerances and derivations and their permissible values for precast components,
- Describe production and erection tolerances and their impact on modular planning.
- Describe NBC specification for prefabricates
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Modular Coordination, Basic Module, planning, & Modular grid system: MVCT202 Prefabrication Construction
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Topic Covered in this article: Modular Coordination, Basic Module, planning and design modules, & Modular grid system
1. Assembly of single components into large components.
2. Fewest possible different types of component.
3. Minimum wastage of cutting needed.
The planning grid in both directions of the horizontal plan shall be
The centre lines of load bearing walls shall coincide with the grid lines
Optimized number of standard sizes of element to building design
Modular coordination means the interdependent arrangement of a dimension based on primary value accepted as a module. The strict observance of rules of modular coordination facilitated,
1. Assembly of single components into large components.
2. Fewest possible different types of component.
3. Minimum wastage of cutting needed.
Modular coordination is the basis for a standardization of a mass production of component. A set of rules would be adequate for meeting the requirements of conventional and prefabricated construction.
Basic Module: The fundamental module used in modular construction . The size of which is selected for general application to building and component. The value of the basic module is 100mm for maximum flexibility and convenience.
The symbol is M and 1M = 100 mm.
Multi Module: They are standardized selected whole multiple of basic module. By using multi module it is possible to achieve a sustainable reduction in the number of modular sizes. Components have same dimension equal to the same dimension of its functional element.
- To reduce the variety of component size produced
- To allow the building designer greater flexibility in the arrangement of component.
The planning grid in both directions of the horizontal plan shall be
- 3M for residential and institutional buildings,
- For industrial buildings,
- 15M for spans up to 12m
- 30M for spans between 12m and 18m
- 60M for spans over 18m
The centre lines of load bearing walls shall coincide with the grid lines
- In case of external walls the grid lines shall coincide with the centre line of the wall or a line on the wall 5 cm from the internal face of the wall
- The planning module in the vertical direction shall be 1M up to and including a ht of 2.8M.
- Preferred increments for the still heights, doors, windows and other fenestration shall be 1M.
Modular Grid — A rectangular coordinate reference system in which the distance between consecutive lines is the basic module or a multi-module. This multi-module may differ for each of the two dimensions of the grid.
- Continuous Grid (all dimension same + increment 1M)
- Superimposed Grid (Modular Superimposed on Multi Modular, 1M on 3M)
- Displacement of Grid (homogeneous and repetitive relation between at least two basic increment, 1M2M3M1M2M3M )
- Interrupted Grid/ Netural Grid (Non modular interruption zones are created to cope economy)
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Materials & Its Specification: MVCT202 Prefabrication construction and its design technology
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Materials & Its Specification: MVCT202 Prefabrication construction and its design technology
Material Requirement
- Easy availability;
- Light weight for easy handling and transport;
- Thermal insulation property;
- Easy workability;
- Durability;
- Non-combustibility;
- Sound insulation;
- Economy; and
- Any other special requirement in a particular application
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How? IS Code and National Building Code NBC Provision:MVCT202 Prefabrication construction and its design technology
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HOW PREFABRICATION ?
PREFABRICATION: IS CODES
As in India there is no specific IS code but following can be used for prefabrication construction
- IS 15916: Precast Construction
- IS 875: Design Loads
- IS 456: Concrete
- IS 1893 and IS 13920: Seismic Design
Aspects to be considered as per the
Recommendation of IS: 15916: 2011
- 1 Effective utilization of spaces2 Straight and simple walling scheme3 Limited sizes and numbers of components4 Limited opening in bearing walls5 Regulated locations of partitions6 Standardized service and stair units7 Limited sizes of doors and windows with regulated positions8 Structural clarity and efficiency9 Suitability for adoption in low rise and high rise building10 Ease of manufacturing, storing and transporting11 Speed and ease of erection and12 Simple jointing system
Types of Precast System according to
IS: 15916: 2011
National Building Code of INDIA
•Part
6 Structural Design
Section 7, System Building & mixed
composite construction: 7A Prefabricated concrete
Section 7, System Building & mixed
composite construction: 7B System Building and mixed composite construction.
SCOPE:
This sub-section
gives recommendations regarding
modular planning, component
sizes, prefabrication
systems, design
considerations, joints and manufacture, storage, transport and erection of prefabricated
concrete elements for use in
buildings and such related
requirements for
prefabricated
concrete
1 SCOPE
2 TERMINOLOGY
3 MATERIALS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
4 MODULAR CO-ORDINATION, ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT AND FINISHES
5 COMPONENTS
6 PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURAL SCHEMES
7 JOINTS
8 TESTS FOR COMPONENTS/STRUCTURES
9 MANUFACTURE, STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND ERECTION OF PRECAST ELEMENTS
10 EQUIPMENT
11 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL UNITS
2 TERMINOLOGY
3 MATERIALS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
4 MODULAR CO-ORDINATION, ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT AND FINISHES
5 COMPONENTS
6 PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURAL SCHEMES
7 JOINTS
8 TESTS FOR COMPONENTS/STRUCTURES
9 MANUFACTURE, STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND ERECTION OF PRECAST ELEMENTS
10 EQUIPMENT
11 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL UNITS
Material Requirement
Easy availability;
Light
weight for easy handling and transport;
Thermal
insulation property;
Easy
workability;
Durability;
Durability;
Non-combustibility;
Sound
insulation;
Economy;
and
Any
other special requirement in a particular application
Plans and Specification
Such drawings shall describe the
elements and the structure and assembly including all required data of physical
properties of component materials. Material specification, age of concrete for demoulding, casting/erection tolerance and type
of curing to be followed.
Details of connecting
joints of prefabricates shall be given to an enlarged scale.
Site or shop location of services, such as installation of piping, wiring or other
accessories integral with the total scheme shall be shown separately.
Data sheet indicating the location of the inserts and acceptable tolerances for supporting the prefabricate during erection, location and position of doors/windows/ventilators, etc, if any.
The drawings shall also clearly indicate location of handling arrangements for lifting
and handling the prefabricated elements. Sequence of erection with critical checkpoints and measures to avoid stability failure during construction stage of the building
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Need, Advantages and Disadvantages:MVCT202 Prefabrication construction and its design technology
NEED OF PREFABRICATION
•Demand
•Difficulty
•Distance
•Recurring Demand
•Economy
•Quality
•Environment
WHY
PREFABRICATION ?
ADVANTAGES OF PREFABRICATION
•SPEED – 40% for single storied building
25% to 40% for multi storied buildings
•Reduction
in cost - 15-20% ( framework, shuttering, labor,
material)
•Disciplined
use of scare materials -
involve optimization theory
•High
Productivity
•Good
technical control
•Strength
and Quality
•Uniformity
in quality
•Higher
working stress
•Weather
condition
•Clean
and dry site
•Improvement
in working condition for the laborer
•Onsite
congestion control
DISADVANTAGES OF PREFABRICATION
•Initial
Cost
•Handling
•Failure
of joints
•Leakage
•Transportation
cost
•Heavy
duty cranes & equipment
•Precision
and Accuracy
•Local
job lost
Tag :
MVCT202,
Prefabrication
Introduction & History: MVCT 202 Prefabrication Construction and its design
WHAT IS PREFABRICATION ?
- The concept of precast structures also known as prefabricated/ modular structures.
- The prefabrication is the oldest and most successful construction techniques.
- Prefabrication is a practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site and transporting complete assemblies to the construction site where the structure is located.
- On industrial basis it is accepted in Civil Engineering ,car, aircraft , manufacturing without question
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: PREFABRICATION
- Prefabrication has been used since ancient times. For example, it is claimed that the world's oldest known engineered roadway, the Sweet Track constructed in England around 3800 BC, employed prefabricated timber sections brought to the site rather than assembled on-site
- Sinhalese kings of ancient Sri Lanka have used prefabricated buildings technology to erect giant structures, which dates back as far as 2000 years, where some sections were prepared separately and then fitted together, specially in the Kingdom of Anuradhapura and Kingdom of Polonnaruwa
- In 19th century Australia a large number of prefabricated houses were imported from the United Kingdom.
- The method was widely used in the construction of prefabricated housing in the 20th century, such as in the United Kingdom to replace houses bombed during World War II.
- The Crystal Palace, erected in London in 1851, was a highly visible example of iron and glass prefabricated construction; it was followed on a smaller scale by Oxford Rewley Road railway station.
- The Victorian Engineers took their lead from the earlier pioneers of the Industrial Revolution and tackled many projects in ways which were then innovative, to produce structure which could not be made without prefabrication
- Stephenson in 1845 moved the main box girders for the Britannia Bridge across the Menai Straits on barges to be then jacked up on their final abutments.
- Concrete structures have also been similarly constructed and moved in a variety of ways.
How is the scope of precast
construction in India?
•Employment for about
33 million people in India.
•Rapid development in
its technology,
•In this line, Indian
construction industry now marches towards high rise constructions in housing
and industrial buildings, underground tunnelling, roads, etc.
•The present economic
growth demands faster construction without losing quality aspects and without
project delay, project cost outfit involved in labour shortage or similar
related construction uncertainties. This further justifies the use of precast
technology.
•In India, European
technology is being used widely in precast factories for concrete batching,
handling and placing purposes at the moment. Among those, WECKENMANN Anlagentechnik GmbH & Co. KG,
Germany, having its own office in Delhi NCR, is one of the notable and
established players in supplying both automatic/semi-automatic machineries for
typical precast factory installations.
•In Delhi NCR -
Ghaziabad, BCC Infrastructures is developing a huge township where precast
concrete elements of wall panels, lattice girder half slabs, staircases and
balconies will be produced at site factory to erect high rise residential
towers. The precast on-site factory will be operational in the first quarter of
2014.
The future of precast construction in
India: a forecast
•The number of
existing precast facilities in India which produce both floor and wall panels
and also possess the requisite knowledge is clearly concentrated mainly around
the major cities of the country.
•But this will
certainly change in the near future. In the coming years, especially in the
middle and lower residential construction segments, there will continue to be a
very strong demand. These demands, in conjunction with increasing customer
requirements in the areas of quality and delivery time, can only be met with a
successful introduction of new production methods such as precast technology.
Tag :
MVCT202,
Prefabrication
