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IS CODE 800 FOR STEEL DESIGN PDF FREE DOWNLOAD
IS CODE 800 FOR STEEL DESIGN PDF FREE DOWNLOAD
IS 800 is an Indian Standard code of practice for general construction in steel. The earlier revision of this standard was done in year 1984 and the latest revision of 2007 was released on 22 February 2008. It is written for use in India.
IS code 800-1984- click to download
IS code 800-2007- click to download
for more code go here -->IS CODES
IS 800 is an Indian Standard code of practice for general construction in steel. The earlier revision of this standard was done in year 1984 and the latest revision of 2007 was released on 22 February 2008. It is written for use in India.
IS code 800-1984- click to download
IS code 800-2007- click to download
for more code go here -->IS CODES
Sunday, September 29, 2013
Posted by Saurabh Gupta
AAKAAR presents NETS'13
AAKAAR proudly presents NETS 2013.
for this semester ,it has rained events. But showers can't compete with a HAILSTORM.
Come be a part of NETS '13 < the ultimate badminton and TT championship> from 4th to 7th October and feel the adrenaline flowing.
if u guys has talent come on show to us its time to an thrilling adventures experience with the lighting fast shuttle of badminton, show your skills, win exciting prices get a certificate which will surely raise a star to your resume. Apart from your studies you guys have a golden chance to show your caliber !!!
Not only this event there is many more on spot surprise events!!!
stay tuned for rules n Participation procedure.
REGISTRATIONS OPEN.
BADMINTON AND TT
singles - Rs40
doubles - Rs50
mixed doubles - Rs 60
go FOR fb event https://www.facebook.com/events/1417680978446326
for QUIRES
contact help-desks
or dial 8305639680
9098144620
"AAKAAR" the association of Civil Engineering students of Shri Shankaracharya College of Engineering and Technology
is established in year of 2009. it organizes various events like Badminton'12,Debate, Apptistar, Structure making, CADD Master at national level.
AAKAAR proudly presents NETS 2013.
for this semester ,it has rained events. But showers can't compete with a HAILSTORM.
Come be a part of NETS '13 < the ultimate badminton and TT championship> from 4th to 7th October and feel the adrenaline flowing.
if u guys has talent come on show to us its time to an thrilling adventures experience with the lighting fast shuttle of badminton, show your skills, win exciting prices get a certificate which will surely raise a star to your resume. Apart from your studies you guys have a golden chance to show your caliber !!!
Not only this event there is many more on spot surprise events!!!
stay tuned for rules n Participation procedure.
REGISTRATIONS OPEN.
BADMINTON AND TT
singles - Rs40
doubles - Rs50
mixed doubles - Rs 60
go FOR fb event https://www.facebook.com/events/1417680978446326
for QUIRES
contact help-desks
or dial 8305639680
9098144620
Friday, September 27, 2013
Posted by Saurabh Gupta
MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION CO. LTD
The Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. (MAHAVITARAN) one of the largest Govt. Companies in Electricity Distribution, invites online applications from the eligible candidates for the following posts :-
1) SR.MANAGER (F&A)
2) DY.CHIEF INDUSTRIAL RELATION OFFICER
3) SYSTEM. ANALYSTS
4) PROGRAMMER
5) ASST. PROGRAMMER
6) JUNIOR PROGRAMMER
7) JUNIOR ENGINEER(DIST)
10) VIGILANCE OFFICER
11) DY.VIGILANCE OFFICER
12) JR.LAW OFFICER
The details such as no. of vacancies, reservation position, educational qualification, age, General terms & conditions, how to apply online etc. is available on the detailed advertisement. The last date of submission of online application is 10/10/2013. Interested candidates may submit their online application by visiting Company’s website www.mahadiscom.in.
How To Apply: Candidates are required to apply Online through website www.mahadiscom.in . No other means / mode of application will be accepted.
TO DOWNLOAD DETAILED ADVERTISMENT CLICK HERE:http://www.mahadiscom.com/ Advt%20No.%201_2013-29sept.pdf
TO APPLY ONLINE CLICK HERE: http://ibpsreg.sifyitest.com/ mahavitsep13/
The Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. (MAHAVITARAN) one of the largest Govt. Companies in Electricity Distribution, invites online applications from the eligible candidates for the following posts :-
1) SR.MANAGER (F&A)
2) DY.CHIEF INDUSTRIAL RELATION OFFICER
3) SYSTEM. ANALYSTS
4) PROGRAMMER
5) ASST. PROGRAMMER
6) JUNIOR PROGRAMMER
7) JUNIOR ENGINEER(DIST)
8)SUB ENGINEER (DIST)
9) ASSTT. DIRECTOR (V&S) 10) VIGILANCE OFFICER
11) DY.VIGILANCE OFFICER
12) JR.LAW OFFICER
The details such as no. of vacancies, reservation position, educational qualification, age, General terms & conditions, how to apply online etc. is available on the detailed advertisement. The last date of submission of online application is 10/10/2013. Interested candidates may submit their online application by visiting Company’s website www.mahadiscom.in.
How To Apply: Candidates are required to apply Online through website www.mahadiscom.in . No other means / mode of application will be accepted.
TO DOWNLOAD DETAILED ADVERTISMENT CLICK HERE:http://www.mahadiscom.com/
TO APPLY ONLINE CLICK HERE: http://ibpsreg.sifyitest.com/
Posted by Saurabh Gupta
MAKEUP UR MIND FOR GATE'14
lets crack GATE 14 in a very simple way
The Graduate Admission Test in Engineering (GATE) is an All-India level examination for aspirants who are interested in pursuing Masters/Direct PhD in India or Abroad. More than 12 Lac students had applied for GATE 2013. These figures send the message clear and loud that if you are aspiring for admission in top institutes like IIT, NIT, IISC etc. or a high paying job in Public Secor Undertakings (PSU) you need to work hard.
Now this number may increase in 2014 and GATE 2014 can see around 15 Lakh applicants!
But why would this number increase? There has been a considerable dip in the placement figures when we compare it with last year. Institutes like IIT Bombay are also facing the heat of global slowdown. Companies have postponed the joining dates for the candidates hired on campus.
But before we start, here are 3 Mantras for you to keep in mind:
- If you are a student who has studied in an average rated engineering college in your undergraduation (BE/BTech) and always criticized and cribbed about your college, THIS IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY! Give it a good shot and prove your worth by cracking GATE 2014!
- Unlike CAT, where your previous academic and non academic performance matters along with work experience, GATE is based on scoring well in a single exam and provides you an open ground to compete. You can beat the students from top engineering colleges like IITs/NITs etc. with your efforts.
- Don't feel depressed if near and dear ones don’t consider you worthy of cracking GATE. If you really want to do it, DO IT. And if you doubt yourself please drop the plan to appear in GATE and find some other option that fascinates you.1.The First Leap!Firstly, start believing that GATE 2014 is your goal. Till the time you don’t really believe that GATE 2014 is your GOAL all the planning and management will turn up to be waste.The first step would be to ensure that you have read all the information about the exam, its pattern, eligibility, syllabus etc.Make up your mind for the preparation. This seems like a light statement but merely reading the preparation strategies would get the exam modalities clear for you. What we are discussing with you here in this article has to be implemented with whole hearted efforts.If you are currently pursuing your qualifying degree/recently completed it, you are already in touch with the study environment and concepts & topics. Use it to your advantage.2. Use Proper Resources and BooksSelection of books is very crucial. Ensure you have opted for the right books and material. Consult with the faculty at your coaching institute or college for the same as well.Buy previous year question papers with solutions so that you have a proper understanding about the paper pattern. Ensure that you completely solve the previous year questions properly. Since GATE 2014 comes with the new online pattern for the first time, you need to refer to the old pattern resources at the moment for previous year analysis.3. Plan your study wellGATE covers the syllabus of roughly 3-4 years of Engineering (Considering the subjects and concepts of First year comes as part of the application) so some subjects have a higher weight age than the others.Analyze the focus area subjects as per your branch and the level of command you have on the subjects. Keep the syllabus of GATE 2014 handy and plan your timetable as per the syllabus only. Keep in mind that even if a subject has lower weight age compared to others, it also contributes to the question paper.4. Manage the syllabus and topicsNever have the mindset of ignoring some specific subjects completely. The moment you build this negative mindset you will not be able to cover these subjects till the end. Do a realistic allocation of time for each subject. You need to cover each topic thoroughly because the syllabus is huge and questions can be asked from anywhere.5. Make concise notes and ready to revise materialAlways keep short notes of each chapter which you can revise often. They will be very helpful in the last 30 days when revising directly from the book would be difficult.You may follow it the way you want- underlining the important details, highlighting the key points, having a separate notebook for key information and formulae, making flash cards for formulae and key points, short forms or remembering the details with the initials of a song or any other new way which makes you learn the topics well!6. Test yourself frequently!Once you cover a topic/subject, refer to the GATE previous year papers and check your level to know where you stand. Don’t refer to solutions after one failed attempt. Give 2-3 attempts before you decide to refer to the solutions.If you feel some topics are still weak and can be improved with revision don’t ignore it. Prepare yourself in the best way for those tough 3 hours in the exam hall.7. Analyze where you stand-Mock TestsIf you have enrolled for some Test Series, it will help you to have a regular check mechanism of where you stand. This will be self analysis and will help you to know the areas that demand more efforts.If you have not enrolled for any test series with an institute you may apply for the same online or purchase a book/CD/DVD for self practice. Be honest to yourself because if you are doing it at home you are not being proctored. You may ask your parents to ensure you have a peaceful silent environment for the test.Analyze your performance in mock tests such that you understand the topics you were not able to attempt or those that consumed a lot of your time.8. Complete the preparation on timeOne of the very important things is to ensure that you complete your syllabus on time. Avoid being in a situation where you miss some chapters or a subject completely. Plan your studies accordingly and time it well.Ensure that you complete your syllabus at least 45 days before. Start solving sample papers and appearing in Mock Examination frequently in this period. Ensure you revise all your topics in the first 30 days of this 45 Day timeline.In the last 15 days solve GATE previous year questions and attempt more mock papers.9. Time Management-The Success MantraTime Management sounds like an easy task but is very complex. Have you made timetables in the past? And how many times did you strictly followed them?If your answer is NO, given below are some points to understand how to do plan properly for GATE 2014.Make a month-wise plan on what topics you will be covering and when. If you have joined some coaching institute, they will give you a schedule as well. You can plan as per the same too.If you have not joined any classes, there is nothing to panic. Make your own plan. If you want to ensure you are doing it right or just to make yourself feel better, discuss it with friends who have joined some coaching and compare the same.Make a daily timetable. And paste it on the wall exactly in front of the table you study. Now that you have made a timetable, ensure you follow it.10. Cut off time from less important activitiesFigure out the less needed activities. They may be sleeping overtime, TV, internet, partying etc. It’s okay to skip these activities or reduce the time you invest in them for the goal you are working for.Stop using the internet beyond the limit. 2 hours are more than sufficient to track any exam updates, surf internet, use Facebook or for other recreational activities. Also, It’s not a rule to watch a movie every weekend! If you have that habit, put a pause on it for this year. It will give you proper time to manage your studies.Mark the words: It is not tough to crack GATE! All you need is a certain level of commitment and dedication. Give GATE 2014 Preparation your best attempt. We wish you good luck.
Tuesday, September 24, 2013
Posted by Saurabh Gupta
GATE'14 Syllabus for Civil Engineering (CE)
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations,
Eigen values and eigenvectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit,
continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite
and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and
minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional
derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s
theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and
nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant
coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value
problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave
equations and Laplace equation.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral
theorem, Taylor and Laurent series.
Probability and
Statistics: Definitions of
probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode
and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson,Normal and Binomial
distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear
algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, single and
multi-step methods for differential equations.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically
determinate beams. Simple stress and strain relationship: Stress and strain in
two dimensions, principal stresses, stress transformation, Mohr’s circle. Simple
bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear
centre. Thin walled pressure vessels, uniform torsion, buckling of column,
combined and direct bending stresses.
Structural Analysis:Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches,
beams, cables and frames, displacements in statically determinate structures
and analysis of statically indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods,
analysis by displacement methods (slope deflection and moment distribution
methods), influence lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic
concepts of matrix methods of structural analysis.
Concrete
Structures: Concrete Technology-
properties of concrete, basics of mix design. Concrete design- basic working
stress and limit state design concepts, analysis of ultimate load capacity and
design of members subjected to flexure, shear, compression and torsion by limit
state methods. Basic elements of prestressed concrete, analysis of beam
sections at transfer and service loads.
Steel Structures: Analysis and design of tension and compression
members, beams and beam- columns, column bases. Connections- simple and
eccentric, beam–column connections, plate girders and trusses.Plastic analysis
of beams and frames.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Soil Mechanics:Origin of soils, soil classification,
three-phase system, fundamental definitions, relationship and
interrelationships, permeability &seepage, effective stress principle,
consolidation, compaction, shear strength.
Foundation
Engineering:Sub-surface
investigations- scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, penetration tests, plate
load test. Earth pressure theories, effect of water table, layered soils.
Stability of slopes-infinite slopes, finite slopes. Foundation types-foundation
design requirements. Shallow foundations-bearing capacity, effect of shape,
water table and other factors, stress distribution, settlement analysisinsands
& clays. Deep foundations–pile types, dynamic &static formulae, load
capacity of piles in sands &clays, negative skin friction.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
Fluid Mechanics and
Hydraulics: Properties of fluids,
principle of conservation of mass, momentum, energy and corresponding
equations, potential flow, applications of momentum and Bernoulli’s equation,
laminar and turbulent flow, flow in pipes, pipe networks. Concept of boundary
layer and its growth. Uniform flow, critical flow and gradually varied flow in
channels, specific energy concept, hydraulic jump. Forces on immersed bodies,
flow measurements in channels, tanks and pipes. Dimensional analysis and
hydraulic modeling. Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles and specific speed
of pumps and turbines.
Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, rainfall, evaporation,
infiltration, stage discharge relationships, unit hydrographs, flood estimation,
reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing. Well hydraulics.
Irrigation: Duty, delta, estimation of
evapo-transpiration. Crop water requirements. Design of: lined and unlined
canals, waterways, head works, gravity dams and spillways. Design of weirs on
permeable foundation. Types of irrigation system, irrigation methods. Water
logging and drainage, sodic soils.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Water
requirements: Quality standards,
basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water
standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for
surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment,
quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent discharge standards.
Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic
wastewater, primary and secondary treatment Unit operations and unit processes
of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.
Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and
impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality
standards and limits.
Municipal Solid
Wastes:Characteristics,
generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for
solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and
disposal).
Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise
pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Highway Planning: Geometric design of highways, testing and
specifications of paving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements.
Traffic
Engineering: Traffic
characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and
signal design, highway capacity.
SURVEYING
Importance
of surveying, principles and classifications, mapping concepts, coordinate
system, map projections, measurements of distance and directions, leveling,
theodolite traversing, plane table surveying, errors and adjustments, curves.
Repair of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Repair of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Commonly Encountered Problems
1. Spalling, cracking, water leakage, surface
erosion, staining.
2. Water and corrosion related deterioration
a improper design and detailing
b. cracks
c. carbonation
d. poor original quality concrete, porous
concrete
e. lack of maintenance or improper
maintenance
f. presence of chlorides
3.Volume changes - creep and shrinkage
4. Structural failure
5. Fire
Condition Assessment
1. Information Gathering
2. Field Survey
3. Field Tests
4. Laboratory Tests
Repair Methods & Material
1. Repair Materials
a.portland cement
b.polymer modified concrete
c. resin mixtures
d.substitute materials
Nomenclature
polymer concrete (PC): formed by polymerizing a mixture of a monomer and aggregate (no other bonding material) latex-modified concrete (LMC): also known as polymer portland cement concrete. Conventional concrete made by replacing part of mixing water with a latex.
polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC): produced by impregnating or infiltrating a hardened concrete with a monomer and subsequently polymerizing the monomer in situ.
Significance
Both PC and LMC have been in commercial use since the 1950s;
PIC was developed and has been in use since the 1970s.
Depending on the materials employed, PC can develop compressive strengths of the order of 140 MPa (20,000 psi) within hours or even
minutes and is therefore suitable for emergency concreting jobs in mines,
tunnels, and highways.
Significance -- LMC
LMC possess excellent bonding ability to old
concrete, and high durability to aggressive
solutions; it has therefore been used mainly
for overlays in industrial floors, and for
rehabilitation of deteriorated bridge decks.
Significance -- PIC
In the case of PIC, by effectively sealing the
microcracks and capillary pores, it is
possible to produce a virtually impermeable
product which gives an ultimate strength of
the same order as that of PC.
PIC has been used for the production of highstrength
precast products and for improving
the durability of bridge deck surfaces.
Polymer Concrete
Polymer concrete (PC) is a mixture of
aggregates with a polymer as the sole
binder. To minimize the amount of the
expensive binder, it is very important to
achieve the maximum possible dry-packed
density of the aggregate.
Polymer
Commercial products are available with a variety of
formulations, some capable of hardening to 105 MPa
(15,000 psi) within a few minutes without thermal
treatment.
Epoxy resins are higher in cost but offer advantages
such as adhesion to wet surfaces.
Styrene monomer, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with
benzoyl peroxide catalyst and an amine promoter
are often used.
Products with increased strength have been obtained
by adding to the PC monomer system a silane
coupling agent, which increases the interfacial bond
between the polymer and aggregate.
Properties
Stress-Strain Diagram
Properties
Due to good chemical resistance and high initial
strength and modulus of elasticity, industrial use of
PC has been mainly in overlays and repair jobs.
Thermal and creep characteristics of the material are
usually not favorable for structural applications of
PC.
Polyester concretes are viscoelastic and will fail under
a sustained compressive loading at stress levels
greater than 50 percent of the ultimate strength.
Sustained loadings at a stress level of 25 percent did
not reduce ultimate strength capacity for a loading
period of 1000 hr.
Latex-Modified Concrete
The materials and the production technology
for concrete in LMC are the same as those
used in normal portland cement concrete
except that latex, which is a colloidal
suspension of polymer in water, is used as
an admixture.
Earlier latexes were based on polyvinyl acetate
or polyvinylidene chloride, but these are
seldom used now because of the risk of
corrosion of steel in concrete in the latter
case, and low wet strengths in the former.
Elastomeric or rubberlike polymers based on
styrenebutadiene and polyacrylate
copolymers are more commonly used now.
Latex
A latex generally contains about 50 % by
weight of spherical and very small (0.01 to 1
m in diameter) polymer particles held in
suspension in water by surface-active
agents.
The presence of surface-active agents in the
latex tends to incorporate large amounts of
entrained air in concrete; therefore, air
detraining agents are usually added to
commercial latexes.
10 to 25 percent polymer (solid basis) by weight of
cement is used in typical LMC formulations,
the addition of latex provides a large quantity of the
needed mixing water in concrete.
The application of LMC is limited to overlays where
durability to severe environmental conditions is of
primary concern.
LMC is made with as low an addition of extra mixing
water as possible; the spherical polymer molecules
and the entrained air associated with the latex
usually provide excellent workability.
Curing
The hardening of a latex takes place by drying
or loss of water.
Dry curing is mandatory for LMC; the material
cured in air is believed to form a continuous
and coherent polymer film which coats the
cement hydration products, aggregate
particles, and even the capillary pores.
Properties
The most impressive characteristics of LMC are its
ability to bond strongly with old concrete, and to
resist the entry of water and aggressive solutions.
It is believed that the polymer film lining the capillary
pores and microcracks does an excellent job in
impeding the fluid flow in LMC.
These characteristics have made the LMC a popular
material for rehabilitation of deteriorated floors,
pavements, and bridge decks.
Commonly Encountered Problems
1. Spalling, cracking, water leakage, surface
erosion, staining.
2. Water and corrosion related deterioration
a improper design and detailing
b. cracks
c. carbonation
d. poor original quality concrete, porous
concrete
e. lack of maintenance or improper
maintenance
f. presence of chlorides
3.Volume changes - creep and shrinkage
4. Structural failure
5. Fire
Condition Assessment
1. Information Gathering
2. Field Survey
3. Field Tests
4. Laboratory Tests
Repair Methods & Material
1. Repair Materials
a.portland cement
b.polymer modified concrete
c. resin mixtures
d.substitute materials
Nomenclature
polymer concrete (PC): formed by polymerizing a mixture of a monomer and aggregate (no other bonding material) latex-modified concrete (LMC): also known as polymer portland cement concrete. Conventional concrete made by replacing part of mixing water with a latex.
polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC): produced by impregnating or infiltrating a hardened concrete with a monomer and subsequently polymerizing the monomer in situ.
Significance
Both PC and LMC have been in commercial use since the 1950s;
PIC was developed and has been in use since the 1970s.
Depending on the materials employed, PC can develop compressive strengths of the order of 140 MPa (20,000 psi) within hours or even
minutes and is therefore suitable for emergency concreting jobs in mines,
tunnels, and highways.
Significance -- LMC
LMC possess excellent bonding ability to old
concrete, and high durability to aggressive
solutions; it has therefore been used mainly
for overlays in industrial floors, and for
rehabilitation of deteriorated bridge decks.
Significance -- PIC
In the case of PIC, by effectively sealing the
microcracks and capillary pores, it is
possible to produce a virtually impermeable
product which gives an ultimate strength of
the same order as that of PC.
PIC has been used for the production of highstrength
precast products and for improving
the durability of bridge deck surfaces.
Polymer Concrete
Polymer concrete (PC) is a mixture of
aggregates with a polymer as the sole
binder. To minimize the amount of the
expensive binder, it is very important to
achieve the maximum possible dry-packed
density of the aggregate.
Polymer
Commercial products are available with a variety of
formulations, some capable of hardening to 105 MPa
(15,000 psi) within a few minutes without thermal
treatment.
Epoxy resins are higher in cost but offer advantages
such as adhesion to wet surfaces.
Styrene monomer, and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with
benzoyl peroxide catalyst and an amine promoter
are often used.
Products with increased strength have been obtained
by adding to the PC monomer system a silane
coupling agent, which increases the interfacial bond
between the polymer and aggregate.
Properties
The properties of PC are largely dependent on
the amount and properties of polymer in the
concrete.
PC made with MMA is a brittle material that
shows a nearly linear stress-strain
relationship with high ultimate strength, but
the addition of butyl acrylate produces a
more ductile material
Stress-Strain Diagram
Properties
Due to good chemical resistance and high initial
strength and modulus of elasticity, industrial use of
PC has been mainly in overlays and repair jobs.
Thermal and creep characteristics of the material are
usually not favorable for structural applications of
PC.
Polyester concretes are viscoelastic and will fail under
a sustained compressive loading at stress levels
greater than 50 percent of the ultimate strength.
Sustained loadings at a stress level of 25 percent did
not reduce ultimate strength capacity for a loading
period of 1000 hr.
Latex-Modified Concrete
The materials and the production technology
for concrete in LMC are the same as those
used in normal portland cement concrete
except that latex, which is a colloidal
suspension of polymer in water, is used as
an admixture.
Earlier latexes were based on polyvinyl acetate
or polyvinylidene chloride, but these are
seldom used now because of the risk of
corrosion of steel in concrete in the latter
case, and low wet strengths in the former.
Elastomeric or rubberlike polymers based on
styrenebutadiene and polyacrylate
copolymers are more commonly used now.
Latex
A latex generally contains about 50 % by
weight of spherical and very small (0.01 to 1
m in diameter) polymer particles held in
suspension in water by surface-active
agents.
The presence of surface-active agents in the
latex tends to incorporate large amounts of
entrained air in concrete; therefore, air
detraining agents are usually added to
commercial latexes.
10 to 25 percent polymer (solid basis) by weight of
cement is used in typical LMC formulations,
the addition of latex provides a large quantity of the
needed mixing water in concrete.
The application of LMC is limited to overlays where
durability to severe environmental conditions is of
primary concern.
LMC is made with as low an addition of extra mixing
water as possible; the spherical polymer molecules
and the entrained air associated with the latex
usually provide excellent workability.
Curing
The hardening of a latex takes place by drying
or loss of water.
Dry curing is mandatory for LMC; the material
cured in air is believed to form a continuous
and coherent polymer film which coats the
cement hydration products, aggregate
particles, and even the capillary pores.
Properties
The most impressive characteristics of LMC are its
ability to bond strongly with old concrete, and to
resist the entry of water and aggressive solutions.
It is believed that the polymer film lining the capillary
pores and microcracks does an excellent job in
impeding the fluid flow in LMC.
These characteristics have made the LMC a popular
material for rehabilitation of deteriorated floors,
pavements, and bridge decks.
Thursday, September 19, 2013
Posted by Saurabh Gupta
VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORTS (PPT)
VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORTS (PPT)
click on the below project to download
PWD HOSTEL BUILDING
RESIDENTIAL BUILDNG
POWER PLANT
RESIDENTIAL APPARTMENT
IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
PWD PROJECT
CONSTRUCTION OF STOP DAM
TALPURI CITY
DAM AND IRRIGATION METHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
A REPORT ON COMPOSITE BUILDING
click on the below project to download
PWD HOSTEL BUILDING
RESIDENTIAL BUILDNG
POWER PLANT
RESIDENTIAL APPARTMENT
IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
PWD PROJECT
CONSTRUCTION OF STOP DAM
TALPURI CITY
DAM AND IRRIGATION METHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
A REPORT ON COMPOSITE BUILDING
Thursday, September 12, 2013
Posted by Saurabh Gupta
Monday, September 9, 2013
Posted by Saurabh Gupta